After a particularly rough stretch, the frozen housing market has begun to thaw.

Mortgage rates have tumbled, more homes are being listed, and sales are rising as buyers are pouncing on their sudden change in fortune.

“The worst is over for the housing market,” says Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics. But “it will take a number of years for the housing market to fully normalize.”

In December, mortgage rates dropped from above 7% to the mid-6% range—a consequential event that jump-started home sales.

Mortgage applications spiked 34% in the week ending Jan. 19 compared with four weeks earlier, according to the latest Mortgage Bankers Association data.

From November to December, the number of new-home sales rose 8% and pending home sales were up 8.3%. (This was according to the most recent data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the National Association of Realtors®.)

And while mortgage applications were still down 17.6% year over year, new-home and pending sales were positive on an annual basis. Year-over-year new-home sales rose 4.4%, while pending home sales ticked up more modestly at 1.3%.

“We’re at a turning point,” says Realtor.com® Chief Economist Danielle Hale. “This could be a sign that the market is opening up, and we could see more people moving and [buying and selling] this spring.”

She is hesitant, however, to declare the housing market has made a full comeback. The resale market didn’t fare as well in December: Sales of existing homes (which excludes new construction) dipped 1% in December from November and dropped 6.2% from December 2022, according to NAR data.

It’s also important to remember that winter is typically a slower time for the real estate market. And when comparing this period with the previous year, which was sluggish, it doesn’t take much of an uptick to make headlines.

“The market is definitely flashing positive signs,” Hale says. “It’s not a guarantee that we’ll continue to see this positive momentum moving forward. A lot depends on what happens with mortgage rates.”

Mortgage rates are driving the housing market

The improvement in the housing market is largely due to lower mortgage rates. The lower the rate, the cheaper the monthly mortgage payment—making the idea of buying a home more attractive.

“Lower mortgage rates seem to be energizing the housing market,” says Charlie Dougherty, a senior economist at Wells Fargo who specializes in real estate.

Mortgage rates are expected to continue to come down if the U.S. Federal Reserve cuts its own interest rates several times this year as predicted. (Mortgage rates are separate but often follow the same trajectory as the Fed’s rates.) But many economists believe they will remain above 6% this year—and they’re likely to be volatile.

“They’re going to drop down and people are going to get excited, and then [rates] are going to bounce back up,” predicts Hale.

Even with a lower rate, buying a home this year won’t be cheap. Rates are still well above the mid-2% lows seen in 2021—and home prices are high. The median list price was $410,000 in December, according to the most recent Realtor.com data.

“Affordability is still likely to be an issue for buyers,” says Dougherty. “Home prices look like they’re still on the rise.”

How much home can I afford?

Discover your home price range with our Affordability Calculator.

Find your sweet spot 

More homes are going up for sale

One of the biggest obstacle in the housing market has been the severe shortage of homes for sale. There are many more buyers eager to find a place of their own than there is available housing.

Fortunately, more homes have been coming on the market in recent weeks. The number of active listings rose 8.6% in the week ending Jan. 20 compared with a year earlier, according to Realtor.com data.

That’s a result of homeowners deciding that it’s time for them to list their properties and get on with their lives. The lower rates of the past month likely helped to nudge them in that direction.

Builders are also doing their part. The National Association of Home Builders expects a 5.5% increase in single-family home construction this year compared with 2023.

“It looks like residential construction has bottomed out, and things are looking better this year,” says Danushka Nanayakkara, the assistant vice president for forecasting at the NAHB. “The housing market is going to stabilize.”

Home sales are revving back up again

After several years of brisk home sales during the COVID-19 pandemic—when everyone seemed to know multiple people who purchased a home— the housing market stalled as mortgage rates rose.

Last year, there were the fewest home sales since 1995, according to the NAR. (Only existing homes were included in the tally.) More people bought homes in the depths of the Great Recession—that’s how bad it was.

“It’s likely that sales have hit the bottom,” says Hale.

Now, the tide has begun to turn. But it’s anyone’s guess how quickly it will take for the market to fully rebound.

“Things are going to get better this year,” says Nanayakkara. “Everybody is feeling optimistic.”

Real estate broker Matt Curtis, whose eponymously named firm is in the Huntsville, AL, area, says he’s already noticed the shift.

Since December, more homeowners have listed their properties and open houses are once again filled with eager buyers.

“People are getting accustomed to not having 3% and 4% [mortgage] interest rates,” he says. “They’re just ready to move on.”

These are positive steps for a housing market that stagnated for most of 2023, even if affordability remains a challenge for many would-be buyers.

“The housing market will be a more normal type of year that looks a lot more like what we saw in 2018 and 2019,” says Dougherty. “That said, it’s still likely to be rather sluggish.”